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1 Growth and Development Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, PIttsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Division of Sports of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Musculoskeletal Research Center, PIttsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taibei, Taiwan
2 Growth and Development Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, PIttsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Division of Sports of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Musculoskeletal Research Center, PIttsburgh, PA, USA
3 Growth and Development Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, PIttsburgh, PA, USA
4 Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
5 Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Division of Sports of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Musculoskeletal Research Center, PIttsburgh, PA, USA
6 Growth and Development Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, PIttsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Division of Sports of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Musculoskeletal Research Center, PIttsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Molecular Genetic and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jhuard{at}pitt.edu.
Muscle injuries are very common in traumatology and sports medicine. Although muscle tissue can regenerate post-injury, the healing process is slow and often incomplete; complete recovery after skeletal muscle injury is hindered by fibrosis. Our studies have shown that decreased fibrosis could improve muscle healing. Suramin has been found to inhibit TGF-
1 expression by competitively binding to the growth factor receptor. We conducted a series of tests to determine the antifibrotic effects of suramin on muscle laceration injuries. Our results demonstrate that suramin (50 µg/ml) can effectively decrease fibroblast proliferation and fibrotic-protein expression (
-smooth muscle actin) in vitro. In vivo, direct injection of suramin (2.5 mg) into injured murine muscle resulted in effective inhibition of muscle fibrosis and enhanced muscle regeneration, which led to efficient functional muscle recovery. These results support our hypothesis that prevention of fibrosis could enhance muscle regeneration, thereby facilitating more efficient muscle healing. This study could significantly contribute to the development of strategies to promote efficient muscle healing and functional recovery.
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