Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
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J Appl Physiol (March 29, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00910.2001
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print March 29, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00910.2001
Submitted on September 4, 2001
Accepted on March 21, 2002

TRACER KINETIC MODEL OF REGIONAL PULMONARY FUNCTION USING POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

Gaetano G Galletti1 and Jose G Venegas1*

1 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jvenegas{at}vqpet.mgh.harvard.edu.

In order to determine the spatial distributions of pulmonary perfusion, shunt, and ventilation, we developed a compartmental model of regional 13N-labeled molecular nitrogen (13NN) kinetics measured from positron emission tomography (PET) images. The model features a compartment for right heart and pulmonary vasculature and two compartments for each region of interest: 1) aerated alveolar units, and 2) alveolar units with no gas content (shunting). The model was tested on PET from normal animals (dogs and sheep) and from animals with experimentally injured lungs simulating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The analysis yielded estimates of regional perfusion, shunt fraction, and specific ventilation with excellent goodness-of-fit to the data (R2> 0.99). Model parameters were estimated to within 10% accuracy in the presence of exaggerated levels of experimental noise, using a Monte-Carlo sensitivity analysis. Main advantages of the present model are: 1) it separates intra-regional blood flow to aerated alveolar units from that shunting across non-aerated units; 2) it accounts and corrects for intra-regional tracer removal by shunting blood when estimating ventilation from subsequent washout of tracer. The model was thus found to provide estimates of regional parameters of pulmonary function in sizes of lung regions that could potentially approach the intrinsic resolution for PET images of 13NN in lung (ca. 7.0mm for a multi-ring PET).




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