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1-adrenoceptor and 
-subunit of G-protein on heart rate and blood pressure during exercise test. The Finnish Cardiovascular Study
1 Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
2 Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Centre for Laboratory Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
3 Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
4 Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
5 Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Tampere Polytechnic, Tampere, Finland
6 Ragnar Granit Institute, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tuomo.nieminen{at}iki.fi.
We tested whether the Arg389Gly and Ser49Gly polymorphisms of the 
1-adrenergic receptor gene ADRB1 and the T393C polymorphism of the G-protein 
-subunit gene GNAS1 modulate heart rate (HR) and blood pressure responses during an exercise stress test. The study population comprised of 890 participants (563 males and 327 females, mean age 58.1 ± 12.6 years) of the
Finnish Cardiovascular Study. Their HR, systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures at rest, during exercise, and four minutes after the test were measured and analyzed by repeated analysis of variance (RANOVA). Genotypes were detected by TaqMan 5' nuclease assay. In all
subjects, and in males and females separately, the T393C of GNAS1 was the only polymorphism
with genotype-by-time interaction in HR over the three study phases (p=0.04, RANOVA). None of the polymorphisms presented genotype-by-time interaction in SAP or DAP responses (p>0.10, RANOVA). In all subjects at rest, the Ser49Gly polymorphism of ADRB1 tended (p=0.06, ANOVA) to differentiate HR. Arg389Gly polymorphism of ADRB1 affected maximal SAP during exercise (p=0.04, ANOVA) and the change in SAP from rest to maximal (p=0.03, ANOVA). Arg389 homozygotes, particularly men, were less likely to have ventricular extrasystoles during the exercise (OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.91, p=0.009 and OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.86, p=0.006, respectively) than did Gly389 carriers. In conclusion, polymorphisms examined appear to have modulatory effects on hemodynamics in a clinical exercise test setting. However, the effects in absolute numbers were minor and clinically possibly insignificant.
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