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1 Department Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics Laboratory, Leuven, Belgium
2 Clinical Chemistry, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
3 Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit, K.U.Leuven, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
4 Neurology Unit, K.U.Leuven, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
5 The Institute of Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Peter.Hespel{at}FLOK.KULeuven.ac.be.
The effect of oral creatine supplementation (CR; 5g.day-1) in conjunction with exercise training on physical fitness was investigated in males between 55 and 75 years old (n=46). A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled (PL) trial was performed over a 6-month period. Furthermore, a subgroup (n=20) completed a 1-year follow-up. The training-program consisted of cardiorespiratory endurance training as well as moderate-resistance training (2-3 sessions per week). Endurance capacity was evaluated during a maximal incremental bicycle ergometer test, maximal isometric strength of the knee-extensor muscles (Fmax) was assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer, and body composition was assessed by hydrostatic weighing. Furthermore, in a subgroup (PL: n=13; CR: n=12) biopsies were taken from m. vastus lateralis to determine total creatine content (TCr). In PL, six months of training increased peak oxygen uptake rate (+16%, p<0.05). Fat-free mass slightly increased (+0.3kg, p<0.05), whereas % body fat slightly decreased (-1.2%; p<0.05). The training intervention significantly changed neither Fmax nor body weight. The responses were independent of creatine supplementation. Still, compared with PL, TCr was increased by ~5% in CR, and this increase was closely correlated with initial muscle creatine content (r = -0.78, p<0.05). After 1-year of follow-up muscle TCr was not higher in CR than in PL. Furthermore, the other measurements were not affected by creatine supplementation. It is concluded that long-term creatine intake (5g.day-1) in conjunction with exercise training does not beneficially impact on physical fitness in males between 55 and 75 years old.
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