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1 Zoology, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden
2 Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
3 EndoSomatic Technologies LLC, Sacramento, California, United States
4 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University Of California, Irvine, California, United States
5 Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
6 Biomedical Engineering, SL-174, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gkassab{at}iupui.edu.
Biotelemetry provides high quality data in awake, free ranging animals without the effects of anesthesia and surgery. Although many biological parameters can be measured using biotelemetry, simultaneous telemetric measurements of pressure and flow have not been available. The objective of this study was to evaluate simultaneous measurements of blood flow, pressure, ECG and temperature in a fully implantable system. This novel system allows the measurement of up to four channels of blood flow, up to three channels of pressure and a single channel each of ECG and temperature. The system includes a bidirectional radio frequency link that allows the implant to send data and accept commands to perform various tasks. The system is controlled by a base station decoder/controller that decodes the data-stream sent by the implant into analog signals. The system also converts the data into a digital data-stream that can be sent via Ethernet to a remote computer for storage and/or analysis. The system was chronically implanted in swine and alligators for up to 5 weeks. Both bench and in vivo animal tests were performed to evaluate system performance. Results show that this biotelemetry system is capable of long term accurate monitoring of simultaneous blood flow and pressure. The system allows within the room recordings since the implant transmission range is between 6-10 meters and with a relay backpack transmission distance of up to 500 meters can be achieved. This system will have significant utility in chronic models of cardiovascular physiology and pathology.
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