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1 Institute for Exercise & Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
2 Department of Health Care Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
3 Institute for Exercise & Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
4 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: craigcrandall{at}texashealth.org.
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a noninvasive optical technique that is increasingly used to assess muscle oxygenation during exercise with the assumption that the contribution of skin blood flow to the NIR signal is minor or nonexistent. We tested this assumption in humans by monitoring forearm tissue oxygenation during selective cutaneous vasodilation induced by locally applied heat (N=6) or indirect whole-body heating (i.e. heating subject but not area surrounding NIR probes; N=8). Neither perturbation has been shown to cause a measurable change in muscle blood flow or metabolism. Local heating (~41 °C) caused large increases in the NIR-derived tissue oxygenation signal (Pre=0.82±0.89 optical density (OD), Post=18.21±2.44 OD; P<0.001). Likewise, whole body heating (increase internal temperature 0.9 °C) also caused large increases in the tissue oxygenation signal (Pre=-0.31±1.47 OD, Post=12.48±1.82 OD; P<0.001). These increases in the tissue oxygenation signal were closely correlated with increases in skin blood flow during both local heating (mean r=0.95±0.02) and whole body heating (mean r=0.89±0.04). These data suggest that the contribution of skin blood flow to NIR measurements of tissue oxygenation can be significant, potentially confounding interpretation of the NIR derived signal during conditions where both skin and muscle blood flows are elevated concomitantly (e.g. high intensity and/or prolonged exercise).
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