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1 Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kate.obrien{at}us.army.mil.
Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is a cyclic oscillation in blood flow that occurs in the extremities upon cold exposure, and that is likely associated with reduced risk of cold injury (e.g., frostbite) as well as improved manual dexterity and less pain while working in the cold. The CIVD response varies between individuals, but the within-subject reproducibility has not been adequately described. The purpose of this study was to quantify the within-subject variability in the CIVD response under standardized conditions. Twenty-one volunteers resting in a controlled environment (27°C) immersed the middle finger in warm water (42°C) for 15 min to standardize initial finger temperature, then in cold water (4°C; CWI) for 30 min, on five separate occasions. Skin temperature (Tf) and blood flow (laser Doppler; expressed as % change from warm water peak) responses that describe CIVD were identified, including initial nadir reached during CWI; onset time of CIVD; initial apex during CIVD; time of that apex; and overall mean during CWI. Within-subject coefficient of variation for Tf across the five tests for the nailbed and pad, respectively were: nadir, 9%, 21%; onset, 18%, 19%; apex, 12%, 17%; apex time, 23%, 24%; mean 10%, 15%. For blood flow these values were: nadir 52%, 64%; onset, 6%, 5%; apex, 33%, 31%; apex time 9%, 8%; and mean 43%, 34%. Greater variability was found in the temperature response of the finger pad than the nailbed, but for blood flow the variability was similar between locations. Variability in onset and apex time between sites was similar for both temperature and blood flow responses. The reproducibility of the timecourse of CIVD suggests this methodology may be of value for further studies examining the mechanism of the response.
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