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1 Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Groupe de Recherche Sur le Systeme Nerveux Autonome, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
2 Department of Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Groupe de Recherche Sur le Systeme Nerveux Autonome, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
3 Neuroscience Research Group, Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
4 Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Groupe de Recherche Sur le Systeme Nerveux Autonome, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: louise.beliveau{at}umontreal.ca.
Cardiac dysfunction is a severe secondary effect of type 2 diabetes. Recruitment of the protein kinase B /glycogen synthase kinase-3 pathway represents an integral event in glucose homeostasis, albeit its regulation in the diabetic heart remains undefined. Thus, the following study tested the hypothesis that the regulation of protein kinase B / glycogen synthase kinase-3 was altered in the myocardium of the Zucker diabetic fatty rat. Second, exercise has been shown to improve glucose homeostasis, and in this regard the effect of swimming training on the regulation of protein kinase B / glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the diabetic rat heart was examined. In the sedentary Zucker diabetic fatty rats, glucose levels were elevated, and cardiac glycogen content increased, as compared to wild type. A 13-week swimming regimen significantly reduced plasma glucose levels and cardiac glycogen content, and partially normalized protein kinase B -Serine473, protein kinase B -Threonine308, and glycogen synthase kinase-3
phosphorylation in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. In conclusion, hyperglycemia and increased cardiac glycogen content in the Zucker diabetic fatty rats were associated with dysregulation of protein kinase B / glycogen synthase kinase-3 phosphorylation. These anomalies in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat were partially normalized with swimming. These data support the premise that exercise training may protect the heart against the deleterious consequences of diabetes.
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