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J Appl Physiol (December 8, 2005). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00822.2005
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Submitted on July 12, 2005
Accepted on December 4, 2005

Pre-cooling leg muscle improves intermittent sprint exercise performance in hot, humid conditions

Paul C. Castle1*, Adam L. Macdonald2, Andrew Philp1, Anthony Webborn1, Peter W. Watt1, and Neil S. Maxwell1

1 Chelsea School, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN20 7SP, United Kingdom
2 School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN20 7SP, United Kingdom; Chelsea School, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN20 7SP, United Kingdom

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: P.Castle{at}bton.ac.uk.

We used three techniques of pre-cooling to test the hypothesis that heat strain would be alleviated, muscle temperature (Tmu) would be reduced and as a result there would be delayed decrements in peak power output (PPO) during exercise in hot, humid conditions. Twelve male team-sport players completed four Cycling Intermittent Sprint Protocols (CISP). Each CISP consisted of twenty, 2 min periods, each including 10 s passive rest, 5 s maximal sprint against a resistance of 7.5% body mass and 105 s active recovery. The CISP, preceded by 20 min of no cooling (CONTROL), pre-cooling via an ice vest (VEST), cold water immersion (WATER) and ice packs covering the upper legs (PACKS), was performed in hot, humid conditions (mean ± SE; 33.7 ± 0.3 oC , 51.6 ± 2.2 % relative humidity) in a randomised order. The rate of heat strain increase during the CISP was faster in CONTROL than WATER and PACKS (P < 0.01), but similar to VEST. PACKS and WATER blunted the rise of Tmu until min 16, and for the duration of the CISP (40 min), respectively (P < 0.01). Reductions in PPO occurred from min 32 onwards in CONTROL and an increase in PPO by ~4% due to PACKS was observed (Main effect; P < 0.05). The method of pre-cooling determined the extent to which heat strain was reduced during intermittent sprint cycling with leg pre-cooling offering the greater ergogenic effect on peak power output than either upper body or whole body cooling.




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