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1 Laboratoire, Universite Paris 13, Bobigny, France
2 Laboratoire, Universite Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Centre National de Ski Nordique, Premanon, France
3 Laboratoire, Universite Paris 13, Bobigny, France; Ecole Nationale de Ski et d'Alpinisme, Chamonix, France
4 Centre National de Ski Nordique, Premanon, France
5 Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hopital Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, Creteil, France
6 Laboratoire National de Depistage du Dopage, Chatenay-Malabry, France
7 Laboratoire de Physiologie - Biologie du Sport, Faculte de Medecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
8 Plateforme de BioMonitoring, nserm U645/UPRES EA2284, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besancon, France
9 Department of Pharmacology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jbrugniaux{at}free.fr.
The efficiency of "Living High - Training Low" (LHTL) remains controversial, despite its wide utilization. This study aimed to verify if maximal and/or submaximal aerobic performance were modified by LHTL and whether these effects persist for 15 days after returning to normoxia. Finally we tried to elucidate if the mechanisms involved were only related to changes in oxygen carrying capacity. Eleven elite middle-distance runners were tested before (PRE), at the end (POST1) and 15 days after the end (POST2) of a 18-day LHTL session. Hypoxic group (LHTL, n=5) spent 14h per day in hypoxia (6 nights at 2,500m and 12 nights at 3,000m) while control group (CON, n=6) slept in normoxia (1,200m). Both LHTL and CON trained at 1,200m. V O2max and maximal aerobic power were improved at POST1 and POST2 for LHTL only (+7.1% and +3.4 % for V O2max, +8.4% and +4.7% for maximal aerobic power, respectively). Similarly V O2 and ventilation at ventilatory threshold increased in LHTL only (+18.1% and +12.2% at POST1, +15.9% and +15.4% at POST2, respectively). Heart rate during a 10-minute run at 19.5 km/h decreased for LHTL at POST2 (-4.4%). Despite the stimulation of erythropoiesis in LHTL shown by the 27.4%-increase in serum transferrin receptor and the 10.1%-increase in total hemoglobin mass, red cell volume was not significantly increased at POST1 (+9.2%, n.s.). Therefore, both maximal and submaximal aerobic performance in elite runners was increased by LHTL mainly link to an improvement in oxygen transport in early return to normoxia and probably to other process at POST2.
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  F. A. Rodriguez, M. J. Truijens, N. E. Townsend, J. Stray-Gundersen, C. J. Gore, and B. D. Levine Performance of runners and swimmers after four weeks of intermittent hypobaric hypoxic exposure plus sea level training J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1523 - 1535. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. J. Gore, F. A. Rodriguez, M. J. Truijens, N. E. Townsend, J. Stray-Gundersen, and B. D. Levine Increased serum erythropoietin but not red cell production after 4 wk of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (4,000-5,500 m) J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2006; 101(5): 1386 - 1393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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