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1 Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
2 General Clinical Research Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
3 Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Lipid Research, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
4 Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Lipid Research, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Radiology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
5 Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; General Clinical Research Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eschroed{at}usc.edu.
We investigated the effects of the anabolic androgen, oxandrolone, on lean body mass (LBM), muscle size, fat, and maximum voluntary muscle strength, and determined the durability of effects after stopping treatment. Thirty-two healthy 60-87 year old men were randomized to receive 20 mg oxandrolone/day (n = 20) or placebo (n = 12) for 12 weeks. Body composition (DEXA, MRI and D2O dilution) and muscle strength (1-repetition maximum; 1-RM) were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment; body composition (DEXA) and 1-RM strength were then assessed 12 week after discontinuing treatment (week 24). At week 12, oxandrolone increased LBM 3.0±1.5kg (P<0.001), total body water 2.9±3.7kg (P=0.002), proximal thigh muscle area 12.4±8.4cm2 (P<0.001); these increases were greater (P<0.003) than in the placebo group. Oxandrolone increased 1-RM strength for leg press 6.7±6.4% (P<0.001), leg flexion 7.0±7.8% (P<0.001), chest press 9.3±6.7% (P<0.001), and latissimus pull-down 5.1±9.1% (P=0.02) exercises; these increases were greater than placebo. Oxandrolone reduced total (-1.9±1.0kg) and trunk fat (-1.3 ±0.6kg; P<0.001) and these decreases were greater (P<0.001) than placebo. Twelve weeks after discontinuing oxandrolone (week 24), the increments in LBM and muscle strength were no longer different from baseline (P>0.15). However, the decreases in total and trunk fat were sustained (-1.5±1.8, P=0.001 and -1.0±1.1kg, P<0.001, respectively). Thus, oxandrolone induced short-term improvements in lean body mass, muscle area, and strength, while reducing whole-body and trunk adiposity. Anabolic improvements were lost 12 weeks after discontinuing oxandrolone, while improvements in fat mass were largely sustained.
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