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J Appl Physiol (January 27, 2005). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00784.2004
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Submitted on July 26, 2004
Accepted on January 21, 2005

The effect of two cooling strategies on thermoregulatory responses of tetraplegic athletes during repeated intermittent exercise in the heat

N. Webborn1, M. J. Price2, P. C. Castle3, and V. L. Goosey-Tolfrey4*

1 Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Univeristy of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; British Paralympic Association, Croydon, Surrey, United Kingdom
2 School of Science and the Environment, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
3 Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Univeristy of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom
4 British Paralympic Association, Croydon, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan Univeristy, Alsager, Cheshire, United Kingdom

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: v.tolfrey{at}mmu.ac.uk.

Athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI), and in particular tetraplegia, have an increased risk of heat strain and consequently heat illness relative to able-bodied individuals. Strategies that reduce the heat strain during exercise in a hot environment may reduce the risk of heat illness. To test the hypotheses that pre-cooling or cooling during intermittent sprint exercise in a heated environment would attenuate the rise in core temperature in tetraplegic athletes, eight male subjects with SCI (lesions C5-C7; 2 incomplete lesions) undertook four heat stress trials (32.0 ± 0.1°C, 50 ± 0.1% relative humidity). After assessment of baseline thermoregulatory responses at rest for 80 minutes subjects performed three intermittent sprint protocols for 28 minutes. All trials were undertaken on an arm crank ergometer and involved a no cooling control (CON), 20 minutes of precooling (PRE) or cooling during exercise (DUR). Trials were administered in a randomized order. Following the intermittent sprint protocols mean core temperature was higher during CON (37.3 ± 0.3°C) compared to PRE and DUR (36.5 ±0.6°C and 37.0 ± 0.5°C; P < 0.01 respectively). Moreover, perceived exertion was lower during PRE (13 ±2; P < 0.01) and DUR (12 ±1; P < 0.01) when compared to CON (14 ±2). These results suggest that both pre-cooling and cooling during intermittent sprint exercise in the heat reduces thermal strain in tetraplegic athletes. The cooling strategies also appear to show reduced perceived exertion at equivalent time points which may translate into improved functional capacity.




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