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1 School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mt29{at}post.queensu.ca.
We tested the hypothesis that rapid vasodilation proportional to contraction intensity contributes to the immediate (first cardiac cycle following initial contraction) exercise hyperemia. 10 healthy subjects performed single 1 s isometric forearm contractions at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 50% and 70% maximal voluntary contraction intensity (MVC) in arm above heart (AH) and below heart (BH) positions. Forearm blood flow (FBF; brachial artery mean blood velocity, Doppler ultrasound), mean arterial pressure (MAP, arterial tonometry) and heart rate (HR, electrocardiogram) were measured beat-by-beat. Venous emptying (measured with a forearm strain gauge) was already maximized at 5% MVC, indicating that increases in contraction intensity did not further empty the forearm veins. Immediate increases in FBF were linearly proportional to contraction intensity from 5% - 70% MVC in AH (slope = 4.4 ±0.5 %
FBF.%MVC-1). In BH, the immediate increase in FBF demonstrated a curvilinear relationship with increasing contraction intensity and was greater than AH at 15%, 20%, 30% and 50% MVC (P<0.05). Peak changes in FBF were greater in BH vs. AH from 10-50% MVC, even when venous refilling was complete (P<0.05). These data support the existence of a rapid-acting vasodilatory mechanism(s) at the onset of human forearm exercise.
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