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1 Divisione di Pneumologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Cassano Murge, Bari, Italy
2 Centro di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria e di Studio della Dispnea, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
3 Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Universita''di Genova, Genova, Italy
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fsalerno{at}fsm.it.
The effects of breathing depth in attenuating induced bronchoconstriction were studied in 12 healthy subjects. On four separate randomized occasions, the depth of a series of 5 breaths taken soon (~1 min) after methacholine (MCh) inhalation was varied from spontaneous tidal volume to lung volumes terminating at ~80, ~90, and 100% of total lung capacity (TLC). Partial forced expiratory flow at 40% of control forced vital capacity (Vpart) and residual volume (RV) were measured at control and again at 2, 7, and 11 min after MCh. The decrease in Vpart and the increase in RV were significantly less when the depth of the 5-breath series was progressively increased (p<0.001), with a linear relationship. The attenuating effects of deep breaths of any amplitude were significantly greater on RV than Vpart (p<0.01) and lasted as long as 11 min, despite a slight decrease with time when the end-inspiratory lung volume was 100% of TLC. In conclusion, in healthy subjects exposed to MCh a series of breaths of different depth up to TLC caused a progressive and sustained attenuation of bronchoconstriction. The effects of the depth of the 5-breath series were more evident on the RV than on Vpart, likely due to the different mechanisms that regulate airway closure and expiratory flow limitation.
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