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1 Department of Human Sciences, Human Thermal Environments Laboratory, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, United Kingdom
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ojay{at}sfu.ca.
In order to assess the presence and magnitude of the effect of skin blood flow on finger skin cooling upon contact with cold objects, against the background of circulatory disorder risks in occupational exposures, this study investigates the effect of zero versus close to maximal hand blood flow upon short term (
180 seconds) skin contact cooling response at a contact pressure that allows capillary perfusion of the distal pulp of the fingertip. Six male volunteers touched a block of aluminium with a finger contact force of 0.5N at a temperature of -2°C under a vasodilated and an occluded condition. Before both conditions, participants were required to exercise in a hot room for
30 minutes in order for cutaneous vasodilation to occur (increase in rectal temperature of 1°C). Under the
vasodilated condition, forearm blood flow rate rose as high as 16.8 ml 100ml-1 min-1. Under the occluded condition, the arm was exsanguinated after which a blood pressure cuff was secured on the wrist inducing arterial occlusion. Contact temperature (TC) of the finger-pad during the subsequent cold contact exposure was measured. No significant difference was found between the starting skin
temperatures for the two blood flow conditions, but a distinct difference in shape of the contact cooling
curve was apparent between the two blood flow conditions, with Newtonian cooling observed under the occluded condition, while a re-warming of the finger skin towards the end of the exposure occurred for the vasodilated condition. Blood flow was found to significantly increase TC from 40 seconds onwards (p<0.01). It is concluded that at a finger contact force compatible with capillary perfusion of the fingerpad (~0.5N), circulating blood provides a heat input source that significantly affects finger skin contact cooling during a vasodilated state.
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