Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
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J Appl Physiol (November 27, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00735.2002
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print November 27, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00735.2002
Submitted on August 8, 2002
Accepted on November 18, 2002

Antioxidants attenuate the plasma cytokine response to exercise in humans

Theodoros Vassilakopoulos1*, Maria-Helena Karatza1, Paraskevi Katsaounou1, Androniki Kollintza1, Spyros Zakynthinos1, and Charis Roussos1

1 Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Attiki, Greece

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tvassilakopoulos{at}yahoo.com.

Exercise increases plasma TNF-{alpha}, IL-1{beta} and IL-6 levels, yet the stimulus(i) and sources (of TNF-{alpha} and IL-1{beta}) remain largely unknown. We tested the role of oxidative stress and the potential contribution of monocytes in this cytokine (especially IL-1{beta}) response in previously untrained individuals. Six healthy untrained subjects performed two 45-minute exercise sessions at 70% of VO2,max before and after a combination of antioxidants (Vitamins E, A and C for 60 days, allopurinol for 15 days and N-acetylcysteine for 3 days). Blood was drawn at baseline, end-exercise, 30 and 120 minutes post-exercise. Plasma cytokines were determined by ELISA and monocyte intracellular cytokine level by flow cytometry. Before antioxidants, TNF-{alpha} increased by 60%, IL-1{beta} by 3-fold and IL-6 by 6-fold secondary to exercise (p<0.05). After antioxidants plasma IL-1{beta} became undetectable, the TNF-{alpha} response to exercise was abolished, and the IL-6 response was significantly blunted (p<0.05). Exercise did not increase the percentage of monocytes producing the cytokines or their mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) both before and after antioxidants. Antioxidant supplementation increased the MFI of the cytokine positve monocytes. We conclude that in untrained humans oxidative stress is a major stimulus for the exercise-induced cytokine production and that monocytes play no role in this process.




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