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1 Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, ACT, Australia; Exercise Metabolism Group, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2 Track and Field Program, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, ACT, Australia
3 Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, ACT, Australia
4 Statistics, Stat Wise, Flyn, ACT, Australia
5 Exercise Metabolism Group, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: john.hawley{at}rmit.edu.au.
To investigate the effect of altitude exposure on running economy (RE), 22 elite distance runners (VO2max 72.8 ± 4.4 ml.min-1.kg-1; training volume 125 ± 27 km.wk-1) homogenous for VO2max and training volume were assigned to one of three groups; live-high (simulated altitude 2000-3100 m) train-low (natural altitude 600 m; LHTL, n=10), live-moderate train-moderate (natural altitude 1500-2000 m; LMTM, n=10) or live-low train-low (natural altitude 600 m; LLTL, n=13) for a period of 20 d. RE was assessed during three sub-maximal treadmill runs at 14, 16 and 18 km.h-1 prior to and at the completion of each intervention. O2 consumption (VO2), ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration [La] were determined during the final 60 s of each run, while haemoglobin mass (Hbmass) was measured on a separate occasion. VO2 (L.min-1) averaged across the three sub-maximal running speeds was 3.3% lower (p=0.005), after LHTL compared with either LMTM or LLTL. VE, RER, HR and Hbmass were not significantly different after the three interventions. There was no evidence of an increase in [La] after the LHTL intervention suggesting that the lower aerobic cost of running was not attributable to an increased anaerobic energy contribution. Furthermore, the improved RE could not be explained by a decrease in VE, by preferential use of carbohydrate as a metabolic substrate, nor was it related to any change in Hbmass. We conclude that 20 d LHTL at simulated altitude improved the RE of elite distance runners.
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