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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print November 8, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00710.2001
Submitted on July 9, 2001
Accepted on October 18, 2002
1 Department for Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sportsmedicine, Medical University Hospital Freiburg,Centre for Internal Medicine, Freiburg i. Br, Bad-Wur, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: honki {at}msm1.ukl.uni-freiburg.de.
In a cross-sectional study central and peripheral arteries were investigated noninvasively in high-performance athletes and in untrained subjects. The diastolic inner vessel diameter (D) of the thoracic (AOT) and the abdominal aorta (AOA), the subclavian artery (Sub) and common femoral artery (Fem) were determined by duplex sonography in 18 able-bodied professional tennis players, 34 able-bodied elite road cyclist athletes, 26 athletes with paraplegia, 17 below-knee amputated athletes and in 30 able-bodied, untrained subjects. The vessel cross-sectional areas (CSA) were set in relation to body surface area (BSA) and the cross-section index (CS-Index = CSA/BSA) was calculated. Volumetric blood flow (BF) was determined in Sub and Fem using a pulsed wave Doppler system and was set in relation to heart rate to calculate the stroke flow (SF). A significantly increased D of Sub was found in the racket arm of able-bodied tennis players compared to the opposite arm (19%). Fem of able-bodied road cyclist athletes and of the intact limb in below-knee amputated athletes showed similar increases. D of Fem was lower in athletes with paraplegia (37%) and in below-knee amputated athletes proximal to the lesion (21%) compared to able-bodied, untrained subjects; CS-Indices were reduced 57% and 31%, respectively. Athletes with paraplegia demonstrated a larger D (19%) and a larger CS-Index(54%)in Sub than able-bodied, untrained subjects. No significant difference in D and CS-Indices of AOT and AOA were found between any of the groups. The dimensional changes measured in Sub and Fem were associated with corresponding alterations in BF and SF in all groups. The study suggests that the size and the blood flow volume of the proximal limb arteries are adjusted to the metabolic needs of the corresponding extremity musculature and underscore the impact of exercise training or disuse on the structure and the function of the arterial system.
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