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J Appl Physiol (December 6, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00698.2002
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print December 6, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00698.2002
Submitted on July 29, 2002
Accepted on November 14, 2002

A Simulation Study to Examine the Use of Cross-correlation as an Estimate of Surface EMG Cross-talk

Madeleine M Lowery1*, Nikolay S Stoykov1, and Todd A Kuiken2

1 Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
2 Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: m-lowery{at}northwestern.edu.

Cross-correlation between surface EMG signals is commonly used as a means of quantifying EMG cross-talk during voluntary activation. To examine the reliability of this method, the relationship between cross-talk and the cross-correlation between surface EMG signals was examined using model simulation. The simulation results illustrate an increase in cross-talk with increasing subcutaneous fat thickness. The results also indicate that the cross-correlation function decays more rapidly with increasing distance from the active fibers than cross-talk, which was defined as the normalized EMG amplitude during activation of a single muscle. The influence of common drive and short-term motor unit synchronization on the cross-correlation between surface EMG signals was also examined. While common drive did not alter the maximum value of the cross-correlation function, the correlation increased with increasing motor unit synchronization. It is concluded that cross-correlation analysis is not a suitable means of quantifying cross-talk or of distinguishing between cross-talk and coactivation during voluntary contraction. Furthermore, it is possible that a high correlation between surface EMG signals may reflect an association between motor unit firing times, for example due to motor unit synchronization.




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