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J Appl Physiol (April 14, 2005). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00668.2004
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Submitted on June 28, 2004
Accepted on April 12, 2005

Computational Simulation of Human Upper Airway Collapse Using a Pressure/State-Dependent Model of Genioglossal Muscle Contraction under Liminar Flow Conditions

Yaqi Huang1*, Atul Malhotra1, and David P. White1

1 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: yhuang{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu.

A three-element, pressure and state (sleep and wake) dependent contraction model of the genioglossal muscle was developed based on the microstructure of skeletal muscle and the crossbridge theory. This model establishes a direct connection between the contractile forces generated in muscle fibers and the measured electromyogram signals during various upper airway conditions. This effectively avoids the difficulty of determining muscle shortening velocity during complex pharyngeal conditions when modeling the muscle's contractile behaviors. The activation of the genioglossal muscle under different conditions was then simulated. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effects of varying each modeled parameter on the muscle's contractile behaviors. This muscle contraction model was then incorporated into our anatomically correct, two-dimensional computational model of the pharyngeal airway to perform a finite element analysis of air flow, tissue deformation, and airway collapse. The modelpredicted muscle deformations are consistent with previous observations regarding upper airway behavior in normal subjects.




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