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J Appl Physiol (January 10, 2008). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00644.2007
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Submitted on June 15, 2007
Accepted on January 10, 2008

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NEONATAL AND ADULT RAT CAROTID BODY RESPONSES TO CHRONIC INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA

Anita Pawar1, Ying-Jie Peng1, Frank J. Jacono2, and Nanduri R. Prabhakar1*

1 Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
2 Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, BRB Rm. 321, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States; , United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nprabhak{at}medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu.

Previous studies suggest that carotid body responses to long-term changes in environmental oxygen differ between neonates and adults. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on the carotid body differ between neonates and adult rats. Experiments were performed on neonatal (1-10 days) and adult (6-8 weeks) males exposed either to CIH (9episodes/h; 8h/day) or to normoxia. Sensory activity was recorded from ex vivo carotid bodies. CIH augmented the hypoxic sensory response (HSR) in both groups. The magnitude of CIH-evoked hypoxic sensitization was significantly greater in neonates than in adults. 72 episodes of CIH were sufficient to evoke hypoxic sensitization in neonates, whereas as many as 720 CIH episodes were required in adults, suggesting that neonatal carotid bodies are more sensitive to CIH than adult carotid bodies. CIH-induced hypoxic sensitization was reversed in adult rats after re-exposure to 10 d of normoxia, whereas the effects of neonatal CIH persisted into adult life (2 months). Acute IH evoked sensory long-term facilitation of the carotid body activity (sensory LTF, i.e. increased baseline neural activity following acute IH) in CIH exposed adults but not in neonates. The effects of CIH were associated with hyperplasia of glomus cells in neonatal but not in adult carotid bodies. These observations demonstrate that responses to CIH differ between neonates and adults with regard to the magnitude of sensitization of HSR, susceptibility to CIH, induction of sensory LTF, reversibility of the responses and morphological re-modeling of the chemoreceptor tissue.




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