Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
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J Appl Physiol (July 25, 2003). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00603.2003
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Submitted on June 11, 2003
Accepted on July 25, 2003

Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to Microgravity Exposure in the Mouse

Brooke C Harrison1, David L Allen2, Beverly Girten3, Louis S Stodieck4, Paul J Kostenuik5, Ted A Bateman6, Sean Morony5, David Lacey5, and Leslie A Leinwand2*

1 Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
2 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
4 BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
5 Metabolic Disorders Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
6 Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: leinwand{at}ataqdog.Colorado.EDU.

To investigate the effects of microgravity on murine skeletal muscle fiber size, muscle contractile protein and enzymatic activity, female C57BL/6J mice, aged 64 days were divided into Animal Enclosure Module ground control (AEM) and Space Flight (SF) treatment groups. SF animals were flown on the Space Shuttle Endeavour (STS-108/UF-1) and subjected to approximately 11 days and 19 hours of microgravity. Immunohistochemical analysis of muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) revealed that, in each of the muscles analyzed, mean muscle fiber CSA was significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) for all fiber types for SF versus AEM control. In the soleus, immunohistochemical analysis of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform protein expression revealed a significant increase in the percentage of muscle fibers expressing MHC-IIx and MHC-IIb (p < 0.05). For the gastrocnemius and plantaris, no significant changes in MHC isoform expression were observed. For the muscles analyzed, no alterations in MHC-I or MHC-IIa protein expression were observed. Enzymatic analysis of the gastrocnemius revealed a significant decrease in citrate synthase activity in SF versus AEM control.




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