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1 Biochemistry, National Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
2 Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
3 Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
4 Suita, Osaka, Japan; Biochemistry, National Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
5 Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: schwenke{at}ri.ncvc.go.jp.
Structural changes of the pulmonary circulation during the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension remain to be fully elucidated. Although angiography has been used for visualizing the pulmonary circulation, conventional angiography systems have considerable limitations for visualizing small microvessels (diameters < 200 µm), particularly within a closed-chest animal model. In this study we assess the effectiveness of monochromatic synchrotron radiation (SR) for microangiography of the pulmonary circulation in the intact-chest rat. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and a catheter was positioned within the right ventricle, for administering Iodinised contrast agent (Iomeron 350). Subsequently, microangiography of pulmonary arterial branches within the left lung was performed using monochromatic SR. Additionally, we assessed dynamic changes in vessel diameter during acute hypoxic (10% and 8% O2, for 4 min each) pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Using SR we were able to visualize pulmonary microvessels with a diameter of <100 µm (the 4th generation of branching from the left axial artery). Acute hypoxia caused a significant decrease in the diameter of all vessels less than 500 µm. The greatest degree of pulmonary vasoconstriction was observed in vessels with a diameter between 200 to 300 µm. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of SR for visualizing pulmonary vessels in a closed-chest rat model, and for assessing dynamic changes associated with HPV. More importantly, these observations implicate synchrotron radiation as an effective tool in future research for assessing gross structural changes associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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