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1 Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: strappe{at}bsu.edu.
There is limited information on skeletal muscle properties in women with unloading and countermeasure programs to protect the unloading induced atrophy. The current investigation tested the hypothesis that a concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training program would preserve size and contractile function of slow-and fast-twitch muscle fibers. A secondary objective was to test the hypothesis that a leucine enriched high protein diet would partially attenuate single fiber characteristics. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and on day 59 of bed rest from a control (BR; n=8), nutrition (BRN; n=8), or exercise (BRE; n=8) group. Single muscle fibers were studied for diameter (Dia), peak force (Po), contractile velocity and power. BR had a decrease (p<0.05) in MHC I Dia (-14%), Po (-35%), power (-42%) and MHC IIa Dia (-16%), Po (-31%; p=0.06) and an increase (p<0.05) in MHC hybrid fibers. Changes in size and function of MHC I (-19 to -44%) and IIa (-21% to -30%) fibers and MHC distribution from BRN were similar to BR. BRE preserved MHC I and IIa size and contractile function during bed rest. These data show that the concurrent exercise program preserved the myocellular profile of the vastus lateralis muscle during 60-d bed rest. To combat muscle atrophy and function with long-term unloading, the exercise prescription program used in this study should be considered as a viable training program for the upper leg muscles, while the nutritional intervention used cannot be recommended as a countermeasure for skeletal muscle.
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