Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
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J Appl Physiol (August 6, 2004). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00553.2004
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Submitted on May 27, 2004
Accepted on August 4, 2004

Pretranslational Markers of Contractile Protein Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle: Effect of Limb Unloading Plus Resistance Exercise

Fadia Haddad1*, Kenneth M Baldwin1, and Per A Tesch2

1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fhaddad{at}uci.edu.

Previously it has been shown that the human ground based model consisting of unilateral limb suspension (ULLS) induces atrophy and reduced strength of the affected quadriceps muscle group. Resistance exercise (RE) involving concentric-eccentric actions, in the face of ULLS, is effective in ameliorating these deficits. The goal of the present study was to determine if alterations in contractile protein gene expression, e.g., myosin heavy chain (MHC) and actin, as studied at the pre-translational level, provide molecular markers concerning the deficits that occur in muscle mass/volume during ULLS, as well as its maintenance in response to ULLS plus RE. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis of 31 middle-aged men and women before and after five weeks of ULLS, ULLS plus RE or RE only. The RE paradigm comprised 12 sessions of four sets of seven concentric-eccentric knee extensions. Our findings show that there were net deficits in total RNA, total mRNA, and actin and MHC mRNA levels of expression following ULLS (P< 0.05); whereas, these alterations were blunted in the two groups receiving RE. Additional observations involving IGF-I and its associated receptor and binding proteins suggest that RE postures the skeletal muscle for signaling processes favoring a greater anabolic state relative to that observed in the ULLS group. Collectively these findings suggest that molecular markers of contractile protein gene expression serve as useful subcellular indicators for ascertaining the underlying mechanisms regulating alterations in muscle mass in human subjects in response to altered loading states.




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