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J Appl Physiol (November 27, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00541.2002
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print November 27, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00541.2002
Submitted on June 21, 2002
Accepted on November 4, 2002

THE EFFECT OF WATER TEMPERATURE ON COOLING EFFICIENCY DURING HYPERTHERMIA IN HUMANS

Carolyn I Proulx1, Michel B Ducharme2, and Glen P Kenny1*

1 School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
2 School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gkenny{at}uottawa.ca.

We evaluated the cooling rate of hyperthermic subjects, as measured by rectal temperature (Tre), during immersion in a range of water temperatures. On four separate days, 7 subjects (4 males, 3 females) exercised at 65% VO2max at an ambient temperature of 39°C until Tre increased to 40°C (45.4 ± 4.1 min). Following exercise, the subjects were immersed in a circulated water bath controlled at 2, 8, 14 or 20°C until Tre returned to 37.5°C. No difference in cooling rate was observed between the immersions at 8, 14 and 20°C despite the differences in the skin surface-to-water temperature gradient, possibly because of the presence of shivering at 8 and 14°C. Compared to the other conditions, however, the rate of cooling (0.35 ± 0.14°C.min-1) was significantly greater during the 2°C water immersion, where no shivering was seldom observed. This rate was almost twice as much as the other conditions (P<0.05). Our results suggest that 2°C water is the most effective immersion treatment for exercise-induced hyperthermia.




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