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1 Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: salway{at}hsc.wvu.edu.
The intent of this study was to determine if endurance exercise training regulates increases in metabolic enzymes, which parallel modulations of myogenin and MyoD in skeletal muscle of rats. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were endurance trained (TR) 5 days weekly for 8 weeks on a motorized treadmill. They were sacrificed 48 hours after their last bout of exercise. Sedentary control rats (CON) were sacrificed at the same time as TR animals. Myogenin, MyoD, citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit II & VI, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myosin light chain (MLC) mRNA contents were determined in soleus muscles using RT-PCR. Myogenin mRNA content was also estimated using dot blot hybridization. Protein expression levels of myogenin and MyoD were measured by Western blots. CS enzymatic activity was also measured. RT-PCR measurements showed that the mRNA contents of myogenin, CS, COX II, COX VI, and LDH were 25%, 20%, 17%, 16%, and 18% greater in TR animals compared with CON animals, respectively (P < 0.05). The ratio of myogenin-to-MyoD mRNA content estimated by RT-PCR in TR animals was 28% higher than that in CON animals (P < 0.05). MLC expression was similar in CON and TR muscles. Results from dot blot hybridization to a riboprobe further confirmed the increase in myogenin mRNA level in TR group. Western blot analysis indicated a 24% greater level of myogenin protein in TR animals compared with CON animals (P < 0.01). The soleus muscles from TR animals had a 25% greater CS enzymatic activity than the CON animals (P < 0.01). Moreover, myogenin mRNA and protein contents were positively correlated to CS activity and mRNA contents of CS, COXII, and COXVI (P < 0.05). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that myogenin is in the pathway for exercise-induced changes in mitochondrial enzymes.
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