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J Appl Physiol (January 24, 2003). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00514.2002
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Submitted on June 13, 2002
Accepted on January 20, 2003

Influence of Surface Chemistry and Topography of Particles on their Immersion into the Surface Lining Layer of Airways and Alveoli

Marianne Geiser1*, Samuel Schurch2, and Peter Gehr1

1 Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Bern, Switzerland
2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: geiser{at}ana.unibe.ch.

Inhaled and deposited spherical particles, 1-6 µm in diameter and of differing surface chemistry and topography, were studied in hamster intrapulmonary conducting airways and alveoli by electron microscopy. Polystyrene and Teflon particles, as well as puffball spores, were found submersed in the aqueous lining layer and adjacent to epithelial cells. The extent of particle immersion promoted by a surfactant film was assessed in a "floating-drop-surface-balance" by light microscopy. Teflon and polystyrene spheres were immersed into the subphase by 50-60% at film surface tensions of 25 and 30 mJ/m2, respectively, and totally submersed at 15 and 25 mJ/m2, respectively. Puffball spores were immersed by approximately 50% at 22 mJ/m2 and totally submersed at film surface tensions of 15 mJ/m2 or below. These results suggest that the surface tension in the intrapulmonary conducting airways of hamsters may reach 15 mJ/m2 or less and that respirable particles (smaller than 10 µm in diameter) are wetted and displaced into the surface lining layer, which may facilitate interactions with many lung cells.




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