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1 Sports Medicine Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: P.Magnusson{at}mfi.ku.dk.
Whether the tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) and mechanical properties of the human Achilles tendon change in response to habitual exercise remains largely unexplored. The present study evaluated the CSA and contraction induced displacement of the aponeurosis-tendon complex of the triceps surae in 11 untrained subjects before (test 1 & 2) and after (test 3) ~ 9 months of regular running (~78 training sessions). Displacement of the tendon-aponeurosis complex obtained by ultrasonography (US), EMG of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and dorsiflexor muscles, and joint angular rotation were recorded during graded isometric plantarflexion ramps. Tendon CSA and moment arm were measured using MRI, and tendon force was calculated from joint moments and tendon moment arm. A treadmill test was used to determine submaximal oxygen consumption at a given speed and maximal oxygen consumption. The total running duration was ~ 43 hrs distributed over 34 wks. Maximal oxygen consumption increased 8.6 % (P<0.01), and submaximal oxygen consumption decreased 6.2 % (P<0.05). Tendon-aponeurosis displacement during MVC was unchanged (test 1, 5.5±0.6 mm, test 2, 5.2±0.5 mm, test 3, 5.3±0.4 mm) and yielded a structural stiffness of 365±50 N/mm for test 1, 358±40 for test 2, and 384±52 N/mm for test 3 (P>0.05). Tendon CSA also remained unchanged (test 1, 34.2±2.2 mm2, test 2, 33.9±2.2 mm2, test 3, 33.8±2.1 mm2). In conclusion, a total training stimulus of ~ 9 months of running in previously untrained subjects was adequate to induce significant cardiovascular improvements, although it did not result in any changes in the mechanical properties of the triceps surea tendon-aponeurosis complex or in the dimensions of Achilles tendon.
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