Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism
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J Appl Physiol (September 27, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00488.2002
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print September 27, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00488.2002
Submitted on June 3, 2002
Accepted on September 16, 2002

Classical conditioning of breathing pattern after two acquisition trials in two-day-old mice

Estelle Durand1, Stephane Dauger2, Guy Vardon3, Pierre Gressens1, Claude Gaultier4, Scania de Schonen5, and Jorge Gallego1*

1 Laboratoire de Neurologie et Physiologie du Developpement, INSERM, Paris, France
2 Laboratoire de Neurologie et Physiologie du Developpement, INSERM, Paris, France; Service de Pediatrie-Reanimation, Hopital Robert-Debre, Paris, France
3 URAPC, Universite de Picardie, Amiens, France
4 Laboratoire de Neurologie et Physiologie du Developpement, INSERM, Paris, France; Service de Physiologie, Hopital Robert-Debre, Paris, France
5 Laboratoire de Neurologie et Physiologie du Developpement, INSERM, Paris, France; Groupe de Neuropsychologie Cognitive du Developpement, LCD, CNRS, Universite Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gallego{at}idf.inserm.fr.

The aim of the present study was to test whether breathing pattern conditioning may occur just after birth. We hypothesized that sensory stimuli signaling the resumption of maternal care after separation may trigger an arousal/orienting response accompanied with concomitant respiratory changes. We performed a conditioning experiment in two-day-old mice using an odor (lemon) as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and maternal care after one hour without the mother as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Each pup underwent two acquisition trials, in which the CS was presented immediately before (experimental paired group, n=30) or 30 min before (control unpaired group, n=30) contact with the mother. Conditioning was tested by using non-invasive whole-body plethysmography to measure the respiratory response to the CS for one minute. We found significantly stronger respiratory responses to the CS in the experimental group than in the control group. In contrast, somatomotor activity did not differ significantly between groups. Our results confirm the sensitivity of breathing to conditioning and indirectly support the hypothesis that learned feedforward processes may complement feedback pathways during postnatal maturation of respiratory control.




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B. Matrot, E. Durand, S. Dauger, G. Vardon, C. Gaultier, and J. Gallego
Automatic classification of activity and apneas using whole body plethysmography in newborn mice
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2005; 98(1): 365 - 370.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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