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1 Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
2 NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
3 Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: turner.russell{at}mayo.edu.
Prolonged spaceflight results in bone loss in astronauts but there is considerable individual variation. The goal of this rat study was to determine whether gender influences bone loss during simulated weightlessness. Six-month-old Fisher 344 rats were hindlimb unweighted for 2 weeks, after which the proximal tibiae were evaluated by histomorphometry. There were gender differences in tibia length, bone area, cancellous bone architecture, and bone formation. Compared to the females, the males had a 11.6% longer tibiae, a 27.8% greater cortical bone area, and a 37.6% greater trabecular separation. Conversely, the females had greater cortical (316%) and cancellous (145%) bone formation rates, 28.6% more cancellous bone, and 30% greater trabecular number. Hindlimb unweighting resulted in large reductions in periosteal bone formation and mineral apposition rate in both genders. Unweighting also caused cancellous bone loss in both genders; trabecular number was decreased and trabecular separation was increased. There was, however, no change in trabecular thickness in either gender. These architectural changes in cancellous bone were associated with decreases in bone formation and steady-state mRNA levels for bone matrix proteins, and cancellous bone resorption. In conclusion, there are major gender-related differences in bone mass and turnover, however, the bone loss in hindlimb unweighted adult male and female rats appears to be due to similar mechanisms.
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