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1 Radiology, University of Virginia, United States
2 Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , United States
3 Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
4 University of Pennsylvania, United States; Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , United States
5 School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
6 Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
7 Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
8 Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
9 Physics, University of Virginia, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jpm7r{at}virginia.edu.
The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of hyperpolarized He-3 and Xe-129 gases were measured in the lungs of rabbits with elastase-induced emphysema, and correlated against the mean chord length from lung histology/morphometry. In-vivo measurements were performed at baseline and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks following the instillation of elastase (mild and moderate emphysema groups) or saline (control group). ADC values were determined from acquisitions that used two b values. To investigate the effect of b value on the results, b-value pairs of 0, 1.6 s/cm2 and 0, 4.0 s/cm2 were used for He-3, and b-value pairs of 0, 5.0 s/cm2 and 0, 10.0 s/cm2 were used for Xe-129. At 8 weeks post instillation the rabbits were euthanized, and lung histology and morphometry were performed. The ADC values for the rabbits in the control group did not change significantly from baseline to week 8, while those for the rabbits in the emphysema groups increased significantly (p<0.04) for all gas, b-value combinations except for Xe-129 and the b-value pair of 0, 5.0 s/cm2. The largest percentage change in the mean ADC value from baseline to week 8 (15.3%) occurred with He-3 and the b-value pair of 0, 1.6 s/cm2 for rabbits in the moderate emphysema group. ADC values were strongly correlated (r values between 0.62 and 0.80, p<0.001) with mean chord lengths from histology/morphometry. These results further support the ability of diffusion-weighted MRI with hyperpolarized gases to detect regional and global structural changes of emphysema within the lung.
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