There is evidence that preterm fetuses have blunted chemoreflex mediated responses to hypoxia. However, the preterm fetus has much lower aerobic requirements that at term and so moderate hypoxia may not be sufficient to elicit maximal chemoreflex responses; there are only limited quantitative data on the ontogeny of chemoreflex and hemodynamic responses to severe asphyxia. Chronically instrumented fetal sheep at 0.6 (n=12), 0.7 (n=12) and 0.85 (n=8) of gestational age (ga; term = 147 days) were exposed to 30, 25 or 15 minutes of complete umbilical cord occlusion, respectively. At all ages occlusion was associated with early onset of bradycardia, profoundly reduced femoral blood flow and conductance, and hypertension. The 0.6ga fetuses showed a significantly slower and lesser fall in femoral blood flow and conductance compared with the 0.85ga group, with a correspondingly reduced relative rise in mean arterial blood pressure. As occlusion continued, the initial adaptation was followed by loss of peripheral vasoconstriction and progressive development of hypotension in all groups. The 0.85ga fetuses showed significantly more sustained reduction in femoral conductance but also more rapid onset of hypotension than either of the younger groups. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was suppressed during occlusion in all groups but the degree of suppression was less at 0.6ga than at term. In conclusion, the near-midgestation fetus shows attenuated initial (chemoreflex) responses to severe asphyxia compared with more mature fetuses, but more sustained hemodynamic adaptation and reduced suppression of EEG activity during continued occlusion of the umbilical cord.