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J Appl Physiol (July 6, 2006). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00379.2006
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Submitted on March 29, 2006
Accepted on June 28, 2006

THE ANATOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF INTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLE ACTIVATION

E. Fiona Bailey1*, YuHsien Huang1, and Ralph F. Fregosi1

1 Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ebailey{at}u.arizona.edu.

We recently showed respiratory-related co-activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles in the rat. Here, we test the hypothesis that intrinsic tongue muscles contribute importantly to changes in velopharyngeal airway volume. Spontaneously breathing anesthetized rats were placed in a MRI scanner. A catheter was placed in the hypopharynx and connected to a pressure source. Axial and sagittal images of the velopharyngeal airway were obtained and the volume of each image computed at airway pressures ranging from +5.0 cmH2O to -5.0 cmH2O. We obtained images in the hypoglossal intact animal (i.e., co-activation of intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles), and after selective denervation of the intrinsic tongue muscles, with and without electrical stimulation. Denervation of the intrinsic tongue muscles reduced velopharyngeal airway volume at atmospheric and positive airway pressures. Electrical stimulation of the intact hypoglossal nerve increased velopharyngeal airway volume however, when stimulation was repeated after selective denervation of the intrinsic tongue muscles, the increase in velopharyngeal airway volume was significantly attenuated. These findings support our working hypothesis that intrinsic tongue muscles play a critical role in modulating upper airway patency.




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