Journal of Applied Physiology AJP: Cell Physiology
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J Appl Physiol (April 16, 2009). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00295.2009
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Submitted on March 19, 2009
Accepted on April 13, 2009

Temperature alters solute transport in growth plate cartilage measured by in vivo multiphoton microscopy

Maria A. Serrat1*, Rebecca M. Williams1, and Cornelia E. Farnum1

1 Cornell University

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mas598{at}cornell.edu.

Solute delivery to avascular cartilaginous plates is critical to bone elongation, and impaired transport of nutrients and growth factors in cartilage matrix could underlie many skeletal abnormalities. Advances in imaging technology have revolutionized our ability to visualize growth plates in vivo, but quantitative methods are still needed. We developed analytical standards for measuring solute delivery, defined by amount and rate of intravenous tracer entry, in murine growth plates using multiphoton microscopy. We employed an acute temperature model because of its well-established impact on bone circulation and tested the hypothesis that solute delivery changes positively with limb temperature when body core and respiration are held constant (36C, 120 breaths/min). Tibial growth plates were surgically exposed in anesthetized 5-week old mice and their hindlimbs were immersed in warm (36C) or cool (23C) saline (N=6/group). After 30 minutes thermal equilibration, we administered an intracardiac injection of fluorescein (50 µl, 0.5%) and captured sequentially timed growth plate images spanning 10 minutes at standardized depth. Absolute growth plate fluorescence was normalized to vascular concentrations for inter-animal comparisons. As predicted, more fluorescein infiltrated growth plates at 36C, with standardized values nearly double those at 23C. Changing initial limb temperature did not alter baseline values, suggesting a sustained response period. These data validate the sensitivity of our system and have relevance to strategies for enhancing localized delivery of therapeutic agents to growth plates of children. Applications of this technique include assessment of solute transport in models of growth plate dysfunction, particularly chondrodysplasias with matrix irregularities.







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