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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print July 12, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00283.2002
Submitted on April 2, 2002
Accepted on May 27, 2002
1 Dept of Neurophysiology, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Sports Medicine Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Team Danmark Testcentre, Copenhagen, Denmark
2 Anatomy Dept C, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
3 Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
4 Sports Medicine Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, Team Danmark Testcentre, Copenhagen, Denmark
5 Dept of Neurophysiology, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: p.aagaard{at}mfi.ku.dk.
The maximal rate of rise in muscle force (Rate of Force Development: RFD) has important functional consequences as it determines the force that can be generated in the early phase of muscle contraction (0-200 ms). The present study examined the effect of resistance training on contractile RFD and efferent motor outflow ('neural drive') during maximal muscle contraction.
Contractile RFD (
Force/Time), impulse (time-integrated Force), electromyography (EMG) signal amplitude (mean average voltage MAV) and rate of EMG rise (RER = EMG/Time) were determined (1 kHz sampling rate) during maximal isometric muscle contraction (m. quadriceps femoris) in 15 male subjects, before and after 14 wks of heavy-resistance strength training (38 sessions).
Maximal isometric muscle strength (MVC) increased from 291.1 ± 9.8 to 339.0 ± 10.2 Nm after training. Contractile RFD determined within time intervals of 30, 50, 100 and 200 ms relative to onset of contraction increased from 1601 ± 117 to 2020 ± 119 Nm/s (30 ms, P < 0.05), 1802 ± 121 to 2201 ± 106 Nm/s (50 ms, P < 0.01), 1543 ± 83 to 1806 ± 69 Nm/s (100 ms, P < 0.01), and from 1141 ± 45 to 1363 ± 44 Nm/s (200 ms, P < 0.01). Corresponding increases were observed in contractile impulse (P < 0.01-0.05). When normalized relative to MVC, contractile RFD increased 15% following training (at 0-1/6 MVC; P < 0.05). Furthermore, muscle EMG increased (P < 0.01-0.05) 22-143% (MAV) and 41-106% (RER) in the early contraction phase (0-200 ms).
In conclusion, increases in explosive muscle strength (contractile RFD and impulse) were observed following heavy-resistance strength training. These findings could be explained by an enhanced neural drive, as evidenced by marked increases in EMG signal amplitude and Rate of EMG Rise in the early phase of muscle contraction.
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