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J Appl Physiol (May 10, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00282.2002
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print May 10, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00282.2002
Submitted on April 2, 2002
Accepted on May 8, 2002

Neurochemical phenotypes of medullary reticular formation neurons influencing diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity

Isabelle Billig1, J. Patrick Card2, and Bill J Yates3*

1 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
2 Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
3 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: byates{at}pitt.edu.

In prior studies using transneuronal transport of isogenic recombinants of pseudorabies virus (PRV) we established that medial medullary reticular formation (MRF) neurons sent collateralized projections to both diaphragm and abdominal muscle motoneurons. Furthermore, inactivation of MRF neurons in cats and ferrets increased the excitability of diaphragm and abdominal motoneurons, suggesting that MRF neurons controlling respiratory activity are inhibitory. To test this hypothesis, the present study determined the neurochemical phenotypes of MRF premotor respiratory neurons using immunohistochemical procedures. Dual-labeling immunohistochemistry combining PRV injections into respiratory muscles with the detection of glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactive (GAD-LI) and glutamate-LI cells showed that both GABAergic and glutamatergic MRF neurons project to respiratory motoneurons, although the latter are more common. These data suggest that the role of the MRF in respiratory regulation is multifaceted, as this region provides both inhibitory and excitatory influences on motoneuron activity.




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