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1 Department of Population Health Sciences, The University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: joshua.r.rodman{at}dartmouth.edu.
In awake dogs, lactic acid was injected into the phrenic and deep circumflex iliac arteries to elicit the diaphragm and abdominal muscle metaboreflexes respectively. At rest, injections into the phrenic or deep circumflex iliac (DCI) arteries significantly increased mean arterial blood pressure 21±7%, and reduced cardiac output 6±2% and blood flow to the hind limbs 20±9%. Simultaneously, total systemic, hind limb, and abdominal expiratory muscle vascular conductances were reduced. These cardiovascular responses were not accompanied by significant changes in the amplitude or timing of the diaphragm EMG. During treadmill exercise that increased cardiac output, hind limb blood flow, and vascular conductance 159±106%, 276±309%, and 299±90% above resting values, lactic acid injected into the phrenic or DCI arteries also elicited pressor responses and reduced hind limb blood flow and vascular conductance. Adrenergic receptor blockade at rest eliminated the cardiovascular effects of the respiratory muscle metaboreflex. We conclude that the cardiovascular effects of respiratory muscle metaboreflex activation are similar to those previously reported for limb muscles. When activated via metabolite production, the respiratory muscle metaboreflex may contribute to the increased sympathetic tone and redistribution of blood flow during exercise.
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