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J Appl Physiol (April 26, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00241.2002
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print April 26, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00241.2002
Submitted on March 21, 2002
Accepted on April 19, 2002

Interactive Effect of Hypoxia and Otolith Organ Engagement on Cardiovascular Regulation in Humans

Kevin D Monahan1 and Chester A Ray1*

1 Departments of Medicine and Cellular Molecular Physiology, Division of Cardiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: caray{at}psu.edu.

We determined the interaction between the vestibulosympathetic reflex and the arterial chemoreflex in 12 healthy subjects. Subjects performed 3 trials in which continuous recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and arterial oxygen saturation were obtained. First, in prone subjects the otolith organs were engaged using head-down rotation (HDR). Second, the arterial chemoreflex was activated by inspiration of hypoxic gas (10% O2 and 90% N2) for 7 minutes with HDR being performed during minute 6. Third, hypoxia was repeated (15 minutes) with HDR being performed during minute 14. HDR (mean±SE; {Delta}7±1 bursts/min and {Delta}50±11% for burst frequency and total MSNA, respectively; P<0.05) and hypoxia ({Delta}6±2 bursts/min and {Delta}62±29%; P<0.05) increased MSNA. Additionally, MSNA increased when HDR was performed during hypoxia ({Delta}11±2 bursts/min and {Delta}127±57% change from normoxia; P<0.05). These increases in MSNA were similar to the algebraic sum of the individual increase in MSNA elicited by HDR and hypoxia ({Delta}13±1 bursts/min and {Delta}115±36%). Increases in MAP ({Delta}3±1 mmHg) and HR ({Delta}19±1 beats/min) during combined HDR and hypoxia were smaller (P<0.05) than the algebraic sum of the individual responses ({Delta}5±1 mmHg and {Delta}24±2 beats/min for MAP and HR, respectively; P<0.05). These findings indicate an additive interaction between the vestibulosympathetic reflex and arterial chemoreflex for MSNA. Therefore, it appears that MSNA output between the vestibulosympathetic reflex and arterial chemoreflex is independent of one another in humans.




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