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J Appl Physiol (April 9, 2009). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00221.2009
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Submitted on February 27, 2009
Revised on April 2, 2009
Accepted on April 3, 2009

Electromechanical delay revisited using very high frame rate ultrasound

Antoine NORDEZ1, Thomas GALLOT2, Stefan CATHELINE2, Arnaud GUEVEL1, Christophe CORNU1, and Francois HUG1*

1 University of Nantes
2 University of Grenoble

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: francois.hug{at}univ-nantes.fr.

Electromechanical delay (EMD) represents the time lag between muscle activation and muscle force production and is used to assess muscle function in healthy and pathological subjects. There is no experimental methodology to quantify the actual contribution of each series elastic component structures that together contribute to the EMD. We designed the present study to determine, using very high frame rate ultrasound (4 kHz), the onset of muscle fascicles and tendon motion induced by electrical stimulation. Nine subjects underwent two bouts composed of five electrically evoked contractions with the echographic probe maintained over i) the Gastrocnemius medialis muscle belly (muscle trials) and ii) the myotendinous junction of the Gastrocnemius medialis muscle (tendon trials). EMD was 11.63 ± 1.51 ms and 11.67 ± 1.27 ms for muscle trials and tendon trials respectively. Significant difference (P<0 .001) was found between the onset of muscle fascicles motion (6.05 ± 0.64 ms) and the onset of myotendinous junction motion (8.42 ± 1.63 ms). The non-invasive methodology used in the present study enabled us to determine the relative contribution of the passive part of the series elastic component (47.5 ± 6.0 % of EMD) and each of the two main structures of this component (aponeurosis and tendon, representing 20.3 ± 10.7% and 27.6 ± 11.4 % of EMD respectively). The relative contributions of the synaptic transmission, the excitation-contraction coupling and the active part of the series elastic component could not be directly quantified with our results. However, they suggest a minor role of the active part of the series elastic component that need to be confirmed by further experiments.







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