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1 Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mbruce{at}pop.uky.edu.
We have developed a model that predicts the distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) in the body resulting from acute inhalation exposures to CO. The model includes a lung compartment, arterial and venous blood compartments, and muscle and nonmuscle soft tissues with both vascular and nonvascular subcompartments. In the model, CO is allowed to diffuse between the vascular and nonvascular subcompartments of the tissues and to combine with myoglobin in the nonvascular subcompartment of muscle tissue. The oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) dissociation curve is represented by a modified Hill equation whose parameters are functions of the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level. Values for skeletal muscle mass and cardiac output are calculated from prediction formulas based on age, weight, and height of individual subjects. We demonstrate that the model fits data from CO rebreathing studies when diffusion of CO into the muscle compartment is considered. The model also fits responses of COHb to single or multiple exposures to CO lasting for a few minutes each. In addition, the model reproduces reported differences between arterial and venous COHb levels and replicates predictions from the Coburn-Forster-Kane (CFK) equation for CO exposures of 1-24 hr duration. In contrast to approaches based on the CFK equation, the current model predicts uptake and distribution of CO in both vascular and tissue compartments during inhalation of either constant or variable levels of CO.
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