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1 Department of Exercise Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
2 Department of Exercise Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
3 Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
4 Department of Exercise Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: modlesky{at}udel.edu.
The purpose of the study was to determine if the proportion of skeletal muscle in the fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST) is the same in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied controls. Skeletal muscle mass and FFST of the mid--thigh were determined using magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively, in men with long-term (> 2 years), complete SCI (n = 8) and able-bodied controls not different in age, height or weight (n = 8). The SCI group had lower muscle mass (1.36 ± 0.77 kg vs 2.44 ± 0.47 kg) and FFST (1.70 ± 0.94 kg vs 2.73 ± 0.80 kg) than controls (P < 0.05), but the lower ratio of muscle to FFST in the SCI group (0.80 ± 0.09 vs 0.91 ± 0.10, P < 0.05) suggested they had a lower proportion of muscle in the FFST. This notion was supported by ANCOVA in which the mean muscle adjusted to the mean FFST of the groups combined was lower in the SCI group. Despite the lower proportion of muscle in the FFST of the SCI group, the relation between muscle and FFST was strong in the SCI group (r = 0.99) and controls (r = 0.96). The findings suggest that there is a disproportionate loss of muscle in the paralyzed thighs after SCI relative to other non-fat constituents, which may be accurately estimated in men with long-term SCI by DXA if the lower proportion of muscle in the FFST (~15%) is taken into account.
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