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J Appl Physiol (February 6, 2004). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00198.2003
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Submitted on February 26, 2003
Accepted on February 1, 2004

Human Cutaneous Vascular Responses to Whole-Body Tilting, Gz Centrifugation, and LBNP

Donald E Watenpaugh1*, Gregory A Breit1, Theresa M Buckley1, Richard E Ballard1, Gita Murthy1, and Alan R Hargens1

1 Gravitational Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: watenpaugh{at}nsmrl.navy.mil.

We hypothesized that gravitational stimuli elicit cardiovascular responses in the following order with gravitational stress equalized at the level of the feet, from lowest to highest response: short- and long-arm centrifugation (SAC, LAC), tilt, and lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Up to 15 healthy subjects underwent graded application of the four stimuli. Laser Doppler flowmetry measured regional skin blood flow. At 0.6 Gz (60 mm Hg LBNP), tilt and LBNP similarly reduced leg skin blood flow to ~36% of supine baseline levels. Flow increased back toward baseline levels at 80-100 mm Hg LBNP, yet remained stable during 0.8-1.0 Gz tilt. Centrifugation usually produced less leg vasoconstriction than tilt or LBNP. Surprisingly, SAC and LAC did not differ significantly. Thigh responses were less definitive than leg responses. No gravitational vasoconstriction occurred in the neck. All conditions except SAC increased heart rate, according to our hypothesized order. LBNP may be a more effective and practical means of simulating cardiovascular effects of gravity than centrifugation.




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