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1 Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
2 Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland; Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
3 Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
4 Institute for Biomechanics, German Sport University of Cologne, Cologne, Cologne, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: masaki{at}sport.jyu.fi.
The present study was designed to explore how the interaction between the fascicles and tendinous tissues (TT) is involved in storage and utilization of elastic energy during human walking. Eight male subjects walked with a natural cadence (1.4±0.1 m s-1) on a 10m long force plate system. In vivo techniques were employed to record the Achilles tendon force and to scan real-time fascicle lengths for two muscles (medial gastrocnemius; MG and soleus; SOL). The results showed that TT of both MG and SOL muscles lengthened slowly throughout the single-stance phase and then recoiled rapidly close to the end of the ground contact. However, the fascicle length changes demonstrated different patterns and amplitudes between two muscles. The MG fascicles were stretched during the early single-stance phase and then remained isometrically during the late stance-phase. In contrast, the SOL fascicles were lengthened until the end of the single-stance phase. These findings suggest that the elastic recoil takes place not as a spring-like bouncing but as a catapult action in natural human walking. The interaction between the muscle fascicles and TT plays an important role in the process of release of elastic energy, although the leg muscles which are commonly accepted as synergists do not have similar mechanical behavior of fascicles in this catapult action.
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