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J Appl Physiol (May 14, 2004). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00182.2004
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Submitted on February 19, 2004
Accepted on May 11, 2004

Interactive effects of habitual physical activity and calcium intake on bone density in boys and girls

Ann V Rowlands1*, David K Ingledew2, Sarah M Powell1, and Roger G Eston1

1 School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Bangor, United Kingdom
2 School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor, Bangor, United Kingdom

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: a.rowlands{at}bangor.ac.uk.

The purpose of this study was to assess the interactive effects of habitual physical activity (total and vigorous intensity) and calcium intake on bone mineral content (BMC) in pre-pubertal boys and girls. Seventy-six children, aged 8-11 years, wore accelerometers for up to seven days to assess activity. Calcium intake was estimated by a four-day weighted food diary. BMC and areal density (BMD) were measured at the total body, proximal femur and femoral neck using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Moderated regression analyses were used to assess the contributions of physical activity (total and vigorous) and calcium intake to BMC, residualised for bone area and body mass (BMCR). Interactive effects of vigorous activity (>= 6 METS) and calcium intake were found at the total body in boys (b = 2.90x10-3) and in girls (b = 6.58x10-3), and at the proximal femur (b = 9.87x10-5) and femoral neck (b = 2.29x10-5) in boys only; BMCR was high only if both vigorous activity and calcium intake were high. There were no interactive effects of total activity and calcium intake. This study provides evidence for synergistic action of habitual vigorous activity and calcium intake on bone mass in children. Recommendations for optimising bone mass should reflect this synergism.




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