Journal of Applied Physiology
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J Appl Physiol (August 30, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00135.2002
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print August 30, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00135.2002
Submitted on February 21, 2002
Accepted on August 26, 2002

Long-Term Facilitation of ventilation is not present during wakefulness in healthy men and women

Amy S. Jordan1*, Peter G. Catcheside2, Fergal J. O'Donoghue3, and R. D. McEvoy3

1 Adelaide Institue for Sleep Health, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
2 Adelaide Institue for Sleep Health, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
3 Adelaide Institue for Sleep Health, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: amy.jordan{at}rgh.sa.gov.au.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is more common in men than in women for reasons that are unclear. The stability of the respiratory controller has been proposed to be important in OSA pathogenesis and may be involved in the gender difference in prevalence. Repetitive hypoxia elicits a progressive rise in ventilation in animals (Long-Term Facilitation, LTF). There is uncertainty whether LTF occurs in humans but if present it may stabilise respiration and possibly also the upper airway. This study was conducted to determine 1) if LTF exists during wakefulness in healthy human subjects and if so, whether it is more pronounced in women than men and 2) if inspiratory pump and upper airway dilator muscle activities are affected differently by repetitive hypoxia. 12 healthy young men and 10 women in the luteal menstrual phase were fitted with a nasal mask and intramuscular genioglossal EMG recording electrodes. After 5 minutes of rest, subjects were exposed to ten 2-minute isocapnic hypoxic periods (~9% O2 in N2, SaO2 ~ 80%) separated by 2 minutes of room air. Minute ventilation (VI) and peak inspiratory genioglossal EMG activity (EMGgg) were averaged over 30s intervals and respiratory data were compared between genders during and following repetitive hypoxia using ANOVA for repeated measures. VI during recovery from repetitive hypoxia was not different to the resting level and not different between genders. There was no facilitation of EMGgg during or after repetitive hypoxia. EMGgg was reduced below baseline during recovery from repetitive hypoxia in women. In conclusion we have found no evidence of long-term facilitation of ventilation or upper airway dilator muscle activity in healthy subjects during wakefulness.




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