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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print August 23, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00129.2002
Submitted on February 20, 2002
Accepted on August 22, 2002
1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: scgeorge{at}uci.edu.
Nitric oxide (NO) appears in the exhaled breath and is a potentially important clinical marker. The accepted model of NO gas exchange includes two-compartments representing the airway and alveolar region of the lungs, but neglects axial diffusion. We incorporated axial diffusion into a one-dimensional trumpet-model of the lungs to assess the impact on NO exchange dynamics, particularly the impact on the estimation of flow-independent NO exchange parameters such as the airway diffusing capacity, DawNO, and the maximum flux of NO in the airways, JawNO. Axial diffusion reduces exhaled NO concentrations due to diffusion of NO from the airways to the alveolar region of the lungs. The magnitude is inversely related to exhalation flow rate. In order to simulate experimental data from two different breathing maneuvers, DawNO and JawNO needed to be increased approximately four-fold. These results depend strongly on the assumption of a significant production of NO in the small airways. We conclude that axial diffusion may decrease exhaled NO levels; however, more advanced knowledge of the longitudinal distribution of NO production and diffusion is needed to develop a complete understanding of the impact of axial diffusion.
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