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1 Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
2 Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
3 Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
4 Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
5 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
6 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
7 Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: m.visser.emgo{at}med.vu.nl.
Changing body composition has been suggested as a pathway to explain age-related functional decline. No data are available on the expected changes in body composition as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population-based cohort of older persons. Body composition data at baseline, 1-year and 2-year follow-up was measured by DXA in 2,040 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70-79 years, participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. After 2 years, a small decline in total body mass was observed (men: -0.3%, women: -0.4%). Among men, fat-free mass and appendicular lean soft-tissue mass (ALST) decreased by -1.1% and -0.8%, which was masked by a simultaneous increase in total fat mass (+2.0%). Among women, a decline in fat-free mass was observed after two years only (-0.6%) with no change in ALST and body fat mass. After two years, the decline in ALST was greater in blacks than whites. Change in total body mass was associated with change in ALST (r = +0.58 to +0.70 (p<0.0001)). Among participants who lost total body mass, men lost relatively more ALST than women, and blacks lost relatively more ALST than whites. In conclusion, the mean change in body composition after a 1-2 year follow-up was 1-2% with a high inter-individual variability. Loss of ALST was greater in men compared to women, and greater in blacks compared to whites, suggesting that men and blacks may be more prone to muscle loss.
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