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J Appl Physiol (May 10, 2002). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00110.2002
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print May 10, 2002
J Appl Physiol, 10.1152/jap.00110.2002
Submitted on February 13, 2002
Accepted on May 6, 2002

Volume-dependent variations of regional lung sound amplitude and phase

Hiroshi Kiyokawa1* and Hans Pasterkamp1

1 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kiyokawa{at}cc.umanitoba.ca.

Acoustic imaging of the respiratory system demonstrates regional changes of lung sounds that correspond to pulmonary ventilation. We investigated volume dependent variations of lung sound phase and amplitude between two closely spaced sensors in five adults. Lung sounds were recorded at the posterior right upper, right lower and left lower lobe during targeted breathing (1.2 ± 0.2 L/s, volume 20-50% and 50-80% of vital capacity) and passive sound transmission (<= 0.2 L/s, volumes as above). Average sound amplitudes were obtained after band-pass filtering to 75-150, 150-300 and 300-600 Hz. Cross-correlation established the phase relation of sound between the sensors. Volume dependent variations in phase (<= 1.5 ms) and amplitude (<= 11 dB) were observed at the lower lobes in the 150-300 Hz band. During inspiration, increasing delay and amplitude of sound at the caudal relative to the cranial sensor was also observed during passive transmission in several subjects. This previously unrecognized behavior of lung sounds over short distances might reflect spatial variations of airways and diaphragms during breathing.




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P. J. Berger, E. M. Skuza, C. A. Ramsden, and M. H. Wilkinson
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