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1 School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Cardiac Transplant Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, West Australia Institute for Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
2 School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
3 School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: brevis{at}cyllene.uwa.edu.au.
Exercise training improves vascular function in subjects with cardiovascular disease and risk factors but there is mounting evidence these vascular adaptations may be vessel bed specific. We have therefore examined the hypothesis that exercise-induced improvements in conduit vessel function are related to changes in resistance vessel function. Endothelium-dependent and independent conduit vessel function were assessed using wall-tracking of high-resolution brachial artery ultrasound images of the response to flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine (GTN) administration. Resistance vessel endothelium-dependent and independent function were assessed using intra-brachial administration of acetylcholine (ACh) and nitroprusside (SNP). Randomised cross-over studies of 8 weeks exercise training were undertaken in untreated hypercholesterolemic (n = 10), treated hypercholesterolemic (n = 10), coronary artery disease (n = 8) and type 2 diabetic subjects (n = 15). Exercise training significantly enhanced responses to ACh (P < 0.05) and FMD (P < 0.0001). There were no significant changes in either SNP or GTN responses. The correlation between ACh and FMD responses at entry was not significant (r = 0.186; P = 0.231), and training-induced changes in the ACh did not correlate with those in FMD (r = -0.022; P = 0.890). Similarly, no correlation was evident between the SNP and GTN responses at entry (r = -0.010; P = 0.951) or between changes in these variables with training (r = -0.211; P = 0.191). We conclude that, although short-term exercise training improves endothelium-dependent NO-mediated vascular function in both conduit and resistance vessels, the magnitude of these improvements are unrelated.
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